What is efflorescence?

Efflorescence refers to the process where soluble salts within building materials, such as concrete or masonry, dissolve in water and migrate to the surface. When the water evaporates, it leaves behind a white, powdery deposit of these salts. This phenomenon is commonly observed in areas where moisture is present, either from external sources like rain or internal sources such as leaks or high humidity.

Understanding efflorescence is essential for home inspectors, as it can indicate underlying moisture issues, which may lead to more significant problems if not addressed. It helps in evaluating the condition of walls and floors, particularly in basements or areas prone to water intrusion. Recognizing this process can assist in determining potential causes and solutions for moisture-related problems in structures.

The other options do not accurately define efflorescence. For instance, while there are types of building materials and inspection methods, they do not encompass the specific process of salt deposit formation. Similarly, structural failure refers to a catastrophic collapse or severe damage in a building, which is unrelated to the salt deposits that characterizes efflorescence.